ISSN: 2706-8870
Volume 8, Number 1 (2023)
Year Launched: 2016
Journal Menu
■ About The Journal
■ Aims & Scope
■ Editorial Board
■ Article Processing Charge
■ Archive

Correlation between virological indexes and immune inflammation-related factor levels in acute HIV-1-infected patients

Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2023     |     PP. 37-51      |     PDF (1449 K)    |     Pub. Date: January 1, 2023
DOI: 10.54647/cm320980    110 Downloads     4629 Views  

Author(s)

Mingyuan Bi, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
Wen Kang, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
Yongtao Sun, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to compare the different expression levels of 12 immune inflammation-related factor in plasma of untreated acute HIV-1-infected patients with different HIV-1 RNA or HIV-1 DNA levels.
Methods: 70 acute HIV-1-infected patients without any anti-retrovirus therapy (ART) were selected. The levels of patients’ HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA and 12 different immune inflammation-related factors in plasma were detected and compared.
Results: The expression levels of CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL13, IL-6, IL-16 and IL-18 were different between the different HIV-1 RNA level groups and the different HIV-1 DNA level groups. There was no significant difference in the expression levels of the chemokines IL-8, CCL2, CCL20 and CCL22 between the groups. The stratified analysis using 200 cells/μL as the CD4+ T cell count cut-off value showed similar intergroup differences.
Conclusion: CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL13, IL-6, IL-16 and IL-18 may be involved in the regulation of viral replication or viral reservoirs, and may also be used as important indicators for the evaluation of HIV-1 replication.

Keywords
HIV-1; chemokines; interleukins; HIV-1 RNA; HIV-1 DNA

Cite this paper
Mingyuan Bi, Wen Kang, Yongtao Sun, Correlation between virological indexes and immune inflammation-related factor levels in acute HIV-1-infected patients , SCIREA Journal of Clinical Medicine. Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2023 | PP. 37-51. 10.54647/cm320980

References

[ 1 ] Gürtler LG. Cytokines and chemokines involved in the defense reaction against HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus: isn't it time to use a standardized nomenclature of the involved mediators?. Virus Genes. 2020;56(2):120-127. doi:10.1007/s11262-019-01721-8.
[ 2 ] Chatterjee A, Rathore A, Vidyant S, Kakkar K, Dhole TN. Chemokines and chemokine receptors in susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS. Dis Markers. 2012;32(3):143-151. doi:10.3233/DMA-2011-0874.
[ 3 ] Gary EN, Kutzler MA. Defensive Driving: Directing HIV-1 Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immunity to the Mucosa with Chemokine Adjuvants. J Immunol Res. 2018;2018:3734207. Published 2018 Dec 13. doi:10.1155/2018/3734207.
[ 4 ] Dawson HD, Sang Y, Lunney JK. Porcine cytokines, chemokines and growth factors: 2019 update. Res Vet Sci. 2020;131:266-300. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.022.
[ 5 ] Lin N, Gonzalez OA, Registre L, et al. Humoral Immune Pressure Selects for HIV-1 CXC-chemokine Receptor 4-using Variants. EBioMedicine. 2016;8:237-247. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.04.040.
[ 6 ] Gürtler LG. Cytokines and chemokines involved in the defense reaction against HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus: isn't it time to use a standardized nomenclature of the involved mediators?. Virus Genes. 2020;56(2):120-127. doi:10.1007/s11262-019-01721-8.
[ 7 ] Feria MG, Taborda NA, Hernandez JC, Rugeles MT. HIV replication is associated to inflammasomes activation, IL-1β, IL-18 and caspase-1 expression in GALT and peripheral blood. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0192845. Published 2018 Apr 19. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192845.
[ 8 ] Borges ÁH, O'Connor JL, Phillips AN, et al. Factors Associated With Plasma IL-6 Levels During HIV Infection. J Infect Dis. 2015;212(4):585-595. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv123.
[ 9 ] Sanyal A, Shen C, Ding M, et al. Neisseria gonorrhoeae uses cellular proteins CXCL10 and IL8 to enhance HIV-1 transmission across cervical mucosa. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2019;81(6):e13111. doi:10.1111/aji.13111.
[ 10 ] Xu Q, Tang Y, Huang G. Innate immune responses in RNA viral infection. Front Med. 2021;15(3):333-346. doi:10.1007/s11684-020-0776-7.
[ 11 ] Ellis RJ, Peterson SN, Li Y, et al. Recent cannabis use in HIV is associated with reduced inflammatory markers in CSF and blood. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(5):e809. Published 2020 Jun 17. doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000809.
[ 12 ] Pineda-Tenor D, Berenguer J, Jiménez-Sousa MA, et al. CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 polymorphisms are associated with sustained virologic response in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. J Clin Virol. 2014;61(3):423-429. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2014.08.020.
[ 13 ] Xu SX, Leontyev D, Kaul R, Gray-Owen SD. Neisseria gonorrhoeae co-infection exacerbates vaginal HIV shedding without affecting systemic viral loads in human CD34+ engrafted mice. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0191672. Published 2018 Jan 23. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191672.
[ 14 ] Sanyal A, Shen C, Ding M, et al. Neisseria gonorrhoeae uses cellular proteins CXCL10 and IL8 to enhance HIV-1 transmission across cervical mucosa. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2019;81(6):e13111. doi:10.1111/aji.13111.
[ 15 ] Loiseau C, Requena M, Nayrac M, et al. Increased CXCR3+ T Cells Impairs Recruitment of T-Helper Type 17 Cells via Interferon γ and Interleukin 18 in the Small Intestine Mucosa During Treated HIV-1 Infection. J Infect Dis. 2019;220(5):830-840. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz123.
[ 16 ] Mikolajczyk TP, Szczepaniak P, Vidler F, Maffia P, Graham GJ, Guzik TJ. Role of inflammatory chemokines in hypertension. Pharmacol Ther. 2021;223:107799. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107799.
[ 17 ] Antonelli A, Ferrari SM, Corrado A, Ferrannini E, Fallahi P. Increase of interferon-γ inducible CXCL9 and CXCL11 serum levels in patients with active Graves' disease and modulation by methimazole therapy. Thyroid. 2013;23(11):1461-1469. doi:10.1089/thy.2012.0485.
[ 18 ] Yin X, Wang Z, Wu T, et al. The combination of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels during primary HIV infection predicts HIV disease progression. J Transl Med. 2019;17(1):417. Published 2019 Dec 13. doi:10.1186/s12967-019-02172-3.
[ 19 ] Zhou F, Liu X, Zuo D, et al. HIV-1 Nef-induced lncRNA AK006025 regulates CXCL9/10/11 cluster gene expression in astrocytes through interaction with CBP/P300. J Neuroinflammation. 2018;15(1):303. Published 2018 Oct 31. doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1343-x.
[ 20 ] Yoshikawa S, Yoshio S, Yoshida Y, et al. Impact of Immune Reconstitution-Induced Hepatic Flare on Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss in Hepatitis B Virus/Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Coinfected Patients. J Infect Dis. 2021;223(12):2080-2089. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa662.
[ 21 ] Havenar-Daughton C, Lindqvist M, Heit A, et al. CXCL13 is a plasma biomarker of germinal center activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(10):2702-2707. doi:10.1073/pnas.1520112113.
[ 22 ] Kazanietz MG, Durando M, Cooke M. CXCL13 and Its Receptor CXCR5 in Cancer: Inflammation, Immune Response, and Beyond. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:471. Published 2019 Jul 12. doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00471.
[ 23 ] Mabuka JM, Dugast AS, Muema DM, et al. Plasma CXCL13 but Not B Cell Frequencies in Acute HIV Infection Predicts Emergence of Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1104. Published 2017 Sep 8. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01104.
[ 24 ] Hoel H, Ueland T, Knudsen A, et al. Soluble Markers of Interleukin 1 Activation as Predictors of First-Time Myocardial Infarction in HIV-Infected Individuals. J Infect Dis. 2020;221(4):506-509. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz253.
[ 25 ] Dawson HD, Sang Y, Lunney JK. Porcine cytokines, chemokines and growth factors: 2019 update. Res Vet Sci. 2020;131:266-300. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.022.
[ 26 ] Tanaka T, Kishimoto T. The biology and medical implications of interleukin-6. Cancer Immunol Res. 2014;2(4):288-294. doi:10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-14-0022.
[ 27 ] Armah KA, McGinnis K, Baker J, et al. HIV status, burden of comorbid disease, and biomarkers of inflammation, altered coagulation, and monocyte activation. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(1):126-136. doi:10.1093/cid/cis406.
[ 28 ] Neuhaus J, Jacobs DR Jr, Baker JV, et al. Markers of inflammation, coagulation, and renal function are elevated in adults with HIV infection. J Infect Dis. 2010;201(12):1788-1795. doi:10.1086/652749.
[ 29 ] Borges ÁH, Weitz JI, Collins G, et al. Markers of inflammation and activation of coagulation are associated with anaemia in antiretroviral-treated HIV disease. AIDS. 2014;28(12):1791-1796. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000000344.
[ 30 ] Borges ÁH, Silverberg MJ, Wentworth D, et al. Predicting risk of cancer during HIV infection: the role of inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers. AIDS. 2013;27(9):1433-1441. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835f6b0c.
[ 31 ] Nordell AD, McKenna M, Borges ÁH, et al. Severity of cardiovascular disease outcomes among patients with HIV is related to markers of inflammation and coagulation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3(3):e000844. Published 2014 May 28. doi:10.1161/JAHA.114.000844.
[ 32 ] Wilson EB, Brooks DG. The role of IL-10 in regulating immunity to persistent viral infections. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2011;350:39-65. doi:10.1007/82_2010_96.
[ 33 ] Said EA, Dupuy FP, Trautmann L, et al. Programmed death-1-induced interleukin-10 production by monocytes impairs CD4+ T cell activation during HIV infection. Nat Med. 2010;16(4):452-459. doi:10.1038/nm.2106.
[ 34 ] Baier M, Werner A, Bannert N, Metzner K, Kurth R. HIV suppression by interleukin-16. Nature. 1995;378(6557):563. doi:10.1038/378563a0.
[ 35 ] Zhao ML, Si Q, Lee SC. IL-16 expression in lymphocytes and microglia in HIV-1 encephalitis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2004;30(3):233-242. doi:10.1046/j.0305-1846.2003.00527.x.
[ 36 ] Iannello A, Samarani S, Debbeche O, et al. Role of interleukin-18 in the development and pathogenesis of AIDS. AIDS Rev. 2009;11(3):115-125.
[ 37 ] Pauls E, Jimenez E, Ruiz A, et al. Restriction of HIV-1 replication in primary macrophages by IL-12 and IL-18 through the upregulation of SAMHD1. J Immunol. 2013;190(9):4736-4741. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1203226.
[ 38 ] Papasavvas E, Azzoni L, Ross BN, et al. Intact Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Reservoir Estimated by the Intact Proviral DNA Assay Correlates With Levels of Total and Integrated DNA in the Blood During Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(3):495-498. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa809.
[ 39 ] Wang ND, Li TS. Factors Associated with the Size of HIV DNA Reservoir. Chin Med J (Engl). 2017;130(2):224-230. doi:10.4103/0366-6999.198009.